Impact-tool



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IMPACT TGOL.

Pa'Qented Feb. I8, 1896.

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H. G. WILLIAMS'.

' IMPACT TOOL.

No. 854,849. Patented Peb. 18, 1898.

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v IMPACT T001.. No. 554,849.

Patented Feb. 18, 1896.

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NiTnD STATES' PATENT OFFICE.

HORACE GUERNSEY WILLIAMS, OF ST. DAVIDS, PENNSYLVANIA.

INI PACT-TOO L.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 554,849, dated February 18, 1896. Application filed May '7, 1895. Serial No. 548,404. (No model.)

To all whom t may concern:

Be it known that I, HORACE GUERNSEY WILLIAMS, acitizen of the United States, residing at St. Davids, in the county of Delaware and State of Pennsylvania, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Impact-Tools, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates in general to that class of impact-tools, particularly rock-drills,which are operated by compressed air, steam, or other motive fluid under pressure, in which the tool is connected with the rod of a plunger adapted to reciprocate within a cylinder to the respective ends of which the motive fluid is alternately admitted behind and in front of the plunger, and relates more particularly to that class of rock-drills in which are embodied a ritled rod and ratchet for occasioning the partial rotation of the plunger and drill upon their return stroke.

My invention has for its object the construction of a tool of the foregoing class mechanically simple and inexpensive, in which the number of parts is reduced to a minimum, and in which provision is made for ladequate and instantaneous supply and uniform and instantaneous exhaust.

A tool embodying a preferred forni of my improvements is represented in the accompanying drawings and hereinafter described, the particular subject matter claimed as novel being hereinafter definitely specified.

In the drawings, Figure l is atop plan view of the tool complete; Fig. 2, a central vertical longitudinal side sectional elevation through the tool of Fig. l in theA plane of the dotted line u w on said figure, and sight being taken in the direction of the arrows applied to said line. Fig. 3 is a fragmentary sectional plan in the planes of the dotted lines a: of Fig. 6 through such portion of the cylinder as serves to illustrate the preferred common connection of the front and rear exhaust-ports with the outlet to the atmosphere by means of the exhaust passageway a7. Fig 4 is a front elevational view of the tool represented in Figs. l and 2, section being taken through the plunger-rod in the plane of the dotted line y y and sight being taken in the direction of its arrows. Fig. 5 is a rear end elevational view of the tool represented in Fig. l. Fig. 6 is a transverse vertical sectional elevation through the tool of Figs. 1 and 2 in the plane of the dotted line z z, and sight being taken in the direction of its arrows. Fig. 7 is a View similar to Fig. 6, with the section taken in the plane of the dotted line u u in Figs. l and 2. Fig. 8 is an inside face view of the back head of the cylinder removed in order to exhibit the ratchet-wheel of the rifled rod and the springcontrolled pawls applied thereto. Fig. 9 is a side elevation of the rifled rod and ratchet- Wheel removed from the cylinder. Fig. l0 is an end View of the front end of the rifled rod, and Fig. 1l an end View of the ratchet-wheel. Fig. l2 is a transverse vertical section through the rear end portion of the plunger and through the riiied nut and rod in the plane of the dotted line s s of Fig. 2.

Similar letters of reference indicate corresponding parts.

A represents a cylinder within which the plunger is adapted to reciprocate and which is of any preferred exterior configuration and formed of any suitable material.

a is the front head of said cylinder, and ax the back head, the said heads being conveniently retained in place by the tie-bars a' d2, and being formed and applied in any usual lIliIllleI.

a3 is the alley for the feed-screw usual in devices of this character, and conveniently formed integral with the casting of the cylinder.

a4 is the thrust-nut for the feed-screw.

A is the Huid-inlet port of the cylinder, an annular internally-open passage-Way formed Vwholly in the walls of the cylinder and completely circumscribing the same, as shown in Figs. 2 and 6.

A2 is the inlet-pipe through which the motive fluid is led into the annular inlet-port A. The inlet-port is preferably formed approximately near the central portion of the cylinder.

a5 is the front exhaust-port and a6 the rear exhaust-port of the cylinder. The rear eX- haust-port, and preferably also the front exhaust-port, are formed wholly in the walls of the cylinder as an annular internally-open passage-way completely circumscribing said cylinder, and the said ports are respectively IOO disposed :intermediately between the Iinletport and the front head on the one hand and the inlet-port and the back head on' the other. Each of said exhaust-ports is in communication with the atmosphere, preferably through the intervention of a common exhaust pas-` sage-way a7, Figs. 3 and 0, formed in the cylinder-castin g and leading to an outlet-pipe A3.

To prevent weakening of the wallsof the cylinder, the inlet-port and both of the exhaust-ports, when both are circumferentially extended, are conveniently formed within external circumferential enlargements of the casting of the cylinder, as will be understood by reference to Figs. l and 2 of the drawings.

asis a buffer of any preferred construction disposed within the front end of the cylinder `and bearing against lthe front head.

The front head is suitably chambered to receive any preferred form of packing@9 to which the motive fluid'may have access, either by leakage around the plunger-rod or by passing through the apertures in the buffer.

` B is a plunger, preferably of such relative length, `proportionate to the length of the cylinder, as is represented in thedrawings, and which isadapted to. reciprocate within Athe cylinder.

lr is 'the plunger-"rod, which` protrudes through the packing-box of the front head of the cylinder, and is exteriorly thereto provided `with a coupling DX of any preferred character, by means of which the drill or other impact-tool b is connected with fit.

The plunger proper contains a `preferably axial. passage-way or bore, which I term the plunger supply-port b3, and which extends longitudinally from the front portionof the plunger to and through the rear end thereof.

b3 is an opening through the'upper walls of the `plunger supply-port b2, which' I term the plunger inlet-port. Through this `porty motive iluid admitted to the inlet-portA of the cylinder gains access to the hollowinteriorfor supply-port b2 of the plunger.

C is a rifled rod of a character usual in tools of this class, except thatit is preferablyflattened at its sides, as indicated in Figs. 9 and y10.

This rod, as is usual, extends rearwardly to and is connected with a ratchet-wheel c adapted to a socket am, formed within the baclchead ax of the cylinder, as shown in Figs.'2 and S, and is contained within the su pply-port b2 of the plunger.

BX is a riiled nut, screwed into or otherwise connected with vor formed as a `part of the rear end portion of the plunger. `This `nut preferably lpossesses substantially the form f represented in Fig. l2 in order that, while it is adapted to the rod in such manner as to oe- 'casion the usual rotation of the plunger, it

yet is so formed, longitudinally channeled out, or-enlarged upon one or both sides of Athe rod as to form what may be termed Aa nutport, or nut-ports b", throughwhiclr the motive iluid entering the plunger supply-port may pass to beyond the Arear end of the plunger.

The nut port or ports are in effect simply a fluid-port extending throughout the length of the nut.

c are ratchet-pawls, which act in the usual manner upon the ratchet-wheel of the riled rod, but which, as shown in Fig. 8, are formed with solid cylindriform heads c2 adapted to eylindriform seats c3 formed in the substance of the back head ctx of the cylinder, and' within which seats are contained bushings c possessing the form of segments of a hollow cylinder, and which are adapted to be easily introduced into and removed from the said pawl-seats c3.

c5 are U-springs adapted to be sprung within elliptical seats o formed in the substance `of the back head, and which are operative upon the `pawls inthe usual manner to retain them in contactwith` the ratchet-teeth.

By resort to the special construction of pawls, springs, seats and bushings, above set forth, Igreatly simplify the ratchet mechanism while rendering it more durable.

bl is what I rfor convenience -terin the plunger exhaust-port, the same being, as

`clearly shown in Figs. 2, G, and 7, a passageway formed longitudinally-inthe substance ol' the plunger beneath, but not in communication 'with the axial cavity therein, which I have termed the plunger supply-port b2. This plunger exhaust-port U opens through the front end of theplnnger-,as shown in Fig.2, and extends rearwardlyto a blind ending conveniently inthe neighborhood of the ried nut.

U, Figs. 2 and 7, arevent-ports leading from "the `plunger exhaust-portb5 `through the substanceiof the-loweirwal-ls of the plunger.

One or a -plura'lity'of these vent-ports may `be employed, and their venting area -is calculable with reference to the-desired exhaust.

The vent-ports themselves are,for convenience of manufacture,formed in a segmental plate 117 dovetailed linto the plunger proper,

`as shown in Figs; 6 an`d`7, and forming, when in place and permanently secured, a portion `of the lower walls of theplungen and constitutinga mere expedient of manufacture to facilitate the-formationof the plunger exhaust-port b5. y

' bS4 are; plunger packing-rings `of any preferred` character, circumscribing the plunger and servingtomakeit tight within the cylinder.

Suchbeing a description ofa tool conveniently `embodying my improvements, itsoperation willbe readily understood.

Assuming the plunger in the position represented in Figs.` l `and 2,and motive fluid admitted through the inlet-pipe A2 into the circumferential inlet-port A', Ait is obvious that said fluid willpass through the `plunger inlet-port b3 into the `plunger supply-port b2, and thence through the nut-ports b inthe rile'd nut -into the space between the back IOO IIO

^ head ofthe cylinder and the back end of the plunger, and therein, by its expansive action, will occasion the forward movement of the plunger. It is further obvious that said forward movement of said plunger will be made possible by the fact that the front exhaustport 0,5 is, for the time being, through the exhaust passage-way co7 and the outlet-pipe A3, in communication with the atmosphere, and that, therefore, the lead has been given to the exhaust in front of the plunger. It will be further apparent that when the plunger shall have completed its forward movement its rear end will have passed beyond or to the front of the rear exhaust-port a6, theretofore occluded by it, so as, through said port, the exhaust-passage a7 and the outlet-pipe A3, to give the lead to the exhaust to the rear of the plunger. It will, moreover, be apparent that when the plunger has reached its said forward position the vent-ports h6 from the plunger exhaust-port b5, theretofore occluded by the cylinder, will be in registry with the lower portion of the inlet-port A', and will therebypermit of the influx of the motive fluid into and through the said plunger' exhaust-port b5 to the space for the then time being'existing between the buffer and the front end of the plunger, the front exhaust-port 0,5 being at the same time closed by the plunger, with the result that the rear exhaust-port a, being in communication with the atmosphere, the plunger will be driven backward until it has resumed its rear or first position, whereupon the parts having all resumed their original positions, the operation described will be repeated, and the plunger again driven forward to be again driven back.

In the practical operation of the tool, it results that so long as the supply of motive fluid is continued, the plunger will continue to reciprocate, and will upon each return stroke receive from the rifled-rod contrivance the usual movement of rotation.

Having thus described my invention, I claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent- 1. An impact-tool in which are combined, a cylinder having independent inlet and exhaust ports, a plunger adapted to reciprocate within said cylinder and embodying a longitudinally-extendin g supply-port and an inletport into said supply-port,aratchet-controlled riiied rod connected With the cylinder and extending within the plunger supply-port, and a riiied nut applied to the plunger and rifled rod and embodying a port extending throughout its length, and communicating with the plunger supply-port, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.

2. An impact-tool in which are combined, a cylinder having an independent circumferentiallyextending inlet and two exhaust ports, a plunger adapted to reciprocate within said cylinder and embodyin g a longitudinallyextending supply-port and an inlet-port into said supply-port, and also an independent 3. A cylinder for the reciprocating plunger of an impact-tool, in the walls of which are embodied an approximately central circumferentially-extending inlet-port in communication with a source of motive-iiuid supply, and also a pair of exhaust-ports respectively intermediate between the inlet-port and the heads of the cylinder and in communication with the atmosphere, in combination with a plunger adapted to be reciprocated within said cylinder, and embodying a longitudinallyextending supply-port and an inletport into said supply-port,a ratchet-controlled rifled rod connected with the cylinder and extending within the plunger supply-port, and a rifled nut applied to the plunger and rifled rod and. embodying a port extending throughout its length and communicating with the plunger supply-port, substantially as set forth.

4. A cylinder for the reciprocating plunger of an impact-tool, in the walls of which are embodied an approximately central circumferentially-extending inlet-port in communication with a source of motive-Huid supply, and also a pair of exhaust-ports respectively intermediate between the inlet-port and the heads of the cylinder and in communication with the atmosphere, in combination with a plunger adapted to be reciprocated within said cylinder, and embodying a longitudinally-extending supply-port and an inlet-port into said supply-port, and also an independent longitudinallyextending exhaust -port having a vent-port, a ratchet-controlled riiied rod connected with the cylinder and extending within the plunger supply-port, and a riiied nut applied to the plunger and rifled rod and embodying a port extending throughout its length and communicating with the plunger supply-port, substantially as set forth.

5. An impact-tool in which are combined, a cylinder having inlet and exhaust ports, a plunger embodying a longitudinally-extending supply-port and provided with a rifled nut having a port extended throughout its length and communicating with said plunger supply-port, and a ratchet-controlled rifled rod extending within the plunger supply-port and engaged within said riied nut, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.

6. An impact-tool in which are combined, a cylinder the back head of which embodies a socket for a ratchet-wheel, cylindric seats for ratchet-pawls, and elliptical seats for U- springs, segmental hollow cylindric bushings adapted to said pawlseats, ratchet-pawls IOO IIO

my invention I have hereunto `signed my name this 30th dztyof April, iA. D. 1895.

HORACE GUERNSEY WILLIAMS.

In presence of- J. BONSALL TAYLOR, WM. C. STRAWBRIDGE. 

